关于作者
English Romantic novelist, biographer and editor, best known as the writer of Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus (1818).英国浪漫主义小说家，传记作者和编者，最有名的，因为作家的弗兰肯斯坦，或现代普罗米修斯 （ 1818 ） 。 Shelley was 21 when the book was published; she started to write it when she was 18.雪莱21岁的时候，这本书出版了，她开始写它时，她18岁。 The story deals with an ambitious young scientist.故事涉及一个雄心勃勃的青年科学家。 He creates life but then rejects his creation, a monster.他创造了生命，但随后拒绝了他的创作，一个怪物。
"But success shall crown my endeavours. Wherefore not? Thus far I have gone, tracking a secure way over the pathless seas: the very stars themselves being witnesses and testimonies of my triumph. Why not still proceed over the untamed yet obedient element? What can stop the determined heart and resolved will of man?" (from Frankenstein ) "但成功与否应冠我的努力。哪，不是吗？因此到目前为止，我走了，跟踪是一个既安全又超过绝迹海洋：非常星级自己已被证人和证词，我的胜利，为什么不仍按过去燎原的，但听话的因素什么？都阻挡不了决心心脏和解决的意志为转移的什么" （从弗兰肯斯坦 ）
Mary Shelley was born in London.玛丽雪莱出生于伦敦。 Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, died of puerperal fever 10 days after giving birth to her.她的母亲，玛丽wollstonecraft ，死于产褥热10天生完孩子后，交给她。 She was one of the first feminists, the author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and the novel The Wrongs of Woman , in which she wrote: "We cannot, without depraving our minds, endeavour to please a lover or husband, but in proportion as he pleases us."她是第一个女权主义者，作者一个平反的权利的女子 （ 1792年）和小说 < 是非曲直女子 ，她在其中写道： "我们不能，但无depraving头脑，努力取悦情人或丈夫，但在比例，因为他使我们感到高兴" 。 Mary Shelley's father was the writer and political journalist William Godwin, who became famous with his work An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793).玛丽雪莱的父亲是作家和政治问威廉godwin ，他成为有名的，与他的工作查询有关政治正义 （ 1793 ） 。 Godwin had revolutionary attitudes to most social institutions, including marriage. godwin了革命性的态度，以大多数的社会机构，其中包括婚姻。 In feminism he found an "amazonian" element.在女权主义，他找到了一位"亚马孙"自供状。 Among his other books is Things as They Are, or The Adventures of Caleb Williams (1794).他的其他书籍，是东西，因为他们是，或者冒险就Caleb威廉姆斯 （ 1794 ） 。
In her childhood Mary Shelley was left to educate herself amongst her father's intellectual circle, the critic Hazlitt, the essayist Lamb, the poet Coleridge and Percy Bysshe Shelley, who came into Godwin's circle in 1812.在她童年的玛丽雪莱留下来教育自己，其中她父亲的知识界， hazlitt评论家，散文家羔羊，诗人柯勒律治和（ Percy bysshe雪莱，谁上台godwin的循环，在1812年。 Mary published her first poem at the age of ten.玛丽出版她的第一首诗，在年满10 。 At the age of 16 she ran away to France and Switzerland with Shelley.在16岁以上的，她逃跑到法国和瑞士同雪莱。 They married in 1816 after Shelley's first wife had committed suicide by drowning.他们结婚，在1816年后，雪莱的第一任妻子已经自杀，因溺水。 Their first child, a daughter, died in Venice, Italy, a few years later.他们的第一个孩子，一个女儿，死在威尼斯，意大利，数年后的事。 In History of Six Weeks Tour (1817) the Shelleys jointly recorded their life.在历史上的6个星期之旅 （ 1817 ） shelleys***同记录了他们的生活。 Thereafter they returned to England and Mary gave birth to a son, William.此后，他们回到了英格兰和玛丽生下了一个儿子，威廉。
The story of Frankenstein started on summer in 1816 when Mary joined with Percy Shelley and Claire Clairmont near Geneva Lord Byron.故事弗兰肯斯坦开始对夏在1816年，当玛丽同（ Percy雪莱和克莱尔clairmont日内瓦附近的拜伦勋爵。 She took a challenge set by Byron and Shelley to write the most frightening ghost story.她是一个挑战所订的拜伦和雪莱写最可怕的鬼故事。 With her husband's encouragement, she completed the novel within a year.与丈夫的鼓励下，她完成了小说内部的一年。 At the Villa Diodati she had been a "silent listener" of her husband and Byron who discussed about galvanism.在Villa迪奥达蒂她曾是一个"沉默的听众" ，她的丈夫和拜伦的人谈论galvanism 。 At Eton College Shelley had become interested in Luigi Calvani's experiments with electric shocks to make dead frogs' muscles twitch.在潮流同步雪莱学院已成为有兴趣的Luigi calvani的实验中的电击，使死蛙的肌肉抽搐。 It is possible that his teacher, James Lind had demonstrated the technique to Shelley.可能是他的老师，詹姆斯林德显示了技术雪莱。 In her Introduction to the 1831 edition Mary revealed that she got the story from a dream, in which she saw "the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with a uneasy, half vital motion."她在介绍了1831年版玛丽透露，她的故事，从一个梦想，她在其中看到了"丑陋phantasm一名男子伸展出来，然后，对工作的一些强大引擎，显示生命迹象的，并挑起与不安，有一半的重要议案" 。
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) The novel start with series of letters from Robert Walton to his sister. 弗兰肯斯坦，或现代的普罗米修斯 （ 1818 ） ，小说开始一连串的信件由罗伯特沃尔顿，以他的妹妹。 Walton is an English Arctic explorer who spots a strange creature on a dog-sled.沃尔顿是一个英语北极探险者景点一个奇怪的动物，对狗橇。 The exhausted Victor Frankenstein arrives, in pursuit of the creature,and while recuperating tells his story.该用尽维克托弗兰肯斯坦来临之际，在追求的动物，而在休养告诉他的故事。 He has been born into a wealthy Geneva family.他一直出生在一个富裕的家庭日内瓦。 After his mother dies of scarlet fever and becomes a student of natural philosophy and medicine.之后，他的母亲去世的猩红热，并成为学生的自然哲学和医学。 Inspired by occult philosophy and the teaching of his mentor, Waldman, he builds a creature in the semblance of a man and gives it life.灵感隐匿哲学与教学，他的导师，轻视，他建立了造物在表面上的一名男子，并赋予它生命。 It body is assembled from parts which Frankenstein has stolen from butcher shops, dissecting rooms, and charnel-houses.它的机构是从组装零部件，其中弗兰肯斯坦已被盗，从牛羊肉店内，夹层房间， charnel -房子。 The creature is repeatedly rejected by those who see it, but the monster proves intelligent, and later highly articulate.这种生物是多次拒绝那些看到它，但怪兽证明聪明的，后来又高度阐明。 Receiving no love, it becomes embittered.接受，没有人喜爱，它成为苦。 Frankenstein deserts his creation, who disappears. "I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I have deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I have finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart." (from Frankenstein ) Frankenstein hears that his younger brother has been strangled, but Justine, his family's servant confesses the murder.弗兰肯斯坦沙漠他的创作，他会消失， "我曾努力工作，近两年来，唯一的目的是注入生命变为无生命体，对于这点我已经剥夺了自己的休息和健康，我想要的，它与一个激情远超出适度，但现在我已经完成，美丽的梦想化为乌有，并咋舌感到恐惧和厌恶填补了我的心" （由弗兰肯斯坦 ）弗兰肯斯坦听说他的弟弟已被勒死，但在刚刚结束时，他的家人的仆人confesses谋杀。 However, later the monster tells that he murdered William and framed Justine.然而，后来的怪兽告诉他杀害威廉和诬陷在刚刚结束的。 Frankenstein then agrees to make a mate for the monster so that it will not bother anyone again.弗兰肯斯坦则同意作伴侣，为怪物，所以它不会打扰任何人。 A wave of remorse makes him destroy the female.浪潮悔恨让他摧毁女性。 The lone creature swears revenge.孤独的动物，发誓要报复。 He kills Frankenstein's bride, Elizabeth, on their wedding night.他杀死弗兰肯斯坦的新娘，黄钱其濂，对他们的新婚之夜。 The scientist becomes mad, but recovers and chases the creature across the world.科学家变得疯狂，但复苏和追逐生物在世界各地。 The two confront in the Arctic wastes.两国对抗在北极废物。 Frankenstein dies.弗兰肯斯坦逝世。 The creature describes eloquently to Walton his efforts to seek out beauty and how crime has degraded it beneath the meanest animal. "He is dead who called me into being; and when I shall be no more the very remembrance of us both will speedily vanish. I shall no longer see the sun or stars, or feel the wind play on my cheeks. Light, feeling, and sense will pass away; and in this condition must I find my happiness." The monster leaps from the ship on a ice-raft, disappearing again in the darkness.这种生物雄辩地说明了沃尔顿以他的努力，以寻求美容及如何犯罪已经退化，它下方meanest动物" ，他已经死了，他们叫我到;时，我会不会有更多的非常怀念，我们都将迅速消失。我将再也看不到太阳或星星，或者觉得风起于我的脸颊，轻，感觉和责任感，将过世;以及在此情况下，我要找到我的幸福"怪物飞跃，从船舶上冰在救生筏上，再次消失在夜色中。 - The novel contains no supernatural elements; the creation of the monster is described in the third edition on a rational scientific basis. -小说没有任何超自然的元素;创造的怪物，是描述在第三版对一个理性的科学依据。 Frankenstein is a scientist who challenges the Creator of the world with the possibilities of modern science, but is destroyed by his own ethical irresponsibility.弗兰肯斯坦是一位科学家的挑战，创造了世界同可能性现代科学的，而且是摧毁他自己的道德不负责任的表现。
The first edition of book had an unsigned preface by Percy Shelley.首版书有一个未签名的前言（ Percy雪莱。 Many thought that it is also his novel, disbelieving that only 19-year-old woman could write such horror story.许多人认为，这也是他的小说，不相信，只有19岁的女子可以写这样的恐怖故事。 However, when the book was published in 1818, it became a huge success.但是，当这本书出版于1818年，它成为一个巨大的成功。 In 1818 the Shelleys left England for Italy, where they remained until Shelley's death - he drowned in 1822 in the Bay of Spezia near Livorno. 1818年该shelleys离开英格兰到意大利，在那里，直到雪莱的死因-他淹死1 822年在湾区的s pezia近利沃诺。 In 1819 Mary suffered a nervous breakdown after the death of William who died of malaria at the age of 3 - she had also lost a daughter the previous year.在1819年玛丽遭受了神经崩溃去世后，威廉的人死于疟疾，在年满3 -她还失去了一个女儿，比前一年。 In 1822 she had a dangerous miscarriage and she believed that she would die. 1822年，她有一个危险的误判和她相信她会死。 Shelley wrote to her friend Maria Gisborne about this loss and her husband's death, concluding the letter: "Well here is my story - the last story I shall have to tell - all that might have been bright in my life is now despoiled - I shall live to improve myself, to take care of my child, & render myself worthy to join him. soon my weary pilgrimage will begin - I rest now - but soon I must leave Italy -". Of their children only one, Percy Florence, survived infancy.雪莱写信给她的朋友玛丽亚吉斯伯恩关于这方面的损失和她丈夫的死，结束了信中说： "这里是我的故事-过去的故事，我会告诉-所有可能被光明，在我的人生现在de spoiled-我将活来提高自己的，要照顾我的孩子， ＆ ，使自己无愧于加入他的团队。很快，我厌倦了朝圣将开始-我的休息，现在-但很快，我必须离开意大利-" ，其子女只有一个， （P e r cy佛罗伦萨，成活萌芽状态。 In 1823 she returned with her son to England, determined not to-re-marry.在1823年，她回到她的儿子到英格兰，决心不-再结婚。 She devoted herself to his welfare and education and continued her career as a professional writer.她努力不懈地以他的福利和教育，并继续她的职业生涯，作为一个专业作家。 Sir Timothy Shelley, her father-in-law, was not eager to help her and her son Percy financially.主席先生蒂莫西雪莱，她的岳父，并没有急切地想要帮助她和她的儿子（ Percy自负盈亏。 Shelley never married but she flirted with the young French writer Prosper Merimee, and hoped to marry Maj. Aubrey Beauclerk.雪莱从未结过婚，但她徘徊在与年轻法国作家梅里美繁荣，并希望嫁给少校aubrey beauclerk 。
None of Shelley's works published for over 30 matched the power of her first legendary novel.无雪莱的作品，出版了超过30匹配的权力，她的第一个传奇小说。 Her later works include Lodore (1835) and Faulkner (1937), both romantic pot-boilers, and unfinished Mathilde (1819, published 1959), which draws on her relations with Godwin and Shelley. Valperga (1823) is a romance set in the 14th-century, and The Last Man (1826) depicts the end of human civilization, set in the 21st century republican England.她后来作品包括lodore （ 1835年）和福克纳 （ 1937 ） ，无论是浪漫的盆栽锅炉，并没有完成玛蒂尔德 （ 1819 ， 1959年出版） ，其中吸取了她的关系， godwin和雪莱。 valperga （ 1823 ）是一个浪漫设在14世纪， 和上一届文 （ 1826 ） ，描绘完人类文明的，定在21世纪***和党英格兰。 Its second part describes the gradual destruction of the human race by plague.第二部分说明了渐进式的毁灭人类的由鼠疫。 The story is narrated by Lionel Verney, the last man of the title, living amidst the ruins of Rome.故事是叙述由莱昂内尔verney ，最后男子的名称，生活中的废墟罗马。 Feminist critics have paid attention to its fantasy of the total corrosion of patriarchal order.女权主义批评家都重视其幻想的总腐蚀的宗法秩序。
Shelley gave up writing long fiction when realism started to gain popularity, exemplified in the works of Charles Dickens.雪莱放弃写小说，只要当现实开始知名度，体现在作品狄更斯。 She wrote a numerous short stories for popular periodicals, particularly The Keepsaker , produced several volumes of Lives for Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopedia , and the first authoritative edition of Shelley's poems (1839, 4 vols.).她写了许多短篇小说，为大众期刊， 特别是keepsaker ，制作了几卷人的生命为lardner的内阁cyclopedia ，首次权威版雪莱的诗（ 1839年，第4卷） 。 Shelley's well-received travelogue Rambles in Germany and Italy appeared in 1844.雪莱的广受欢迎的旅游漫游在德国和意大利出现在1844年。 She also attempted a biography on Shelley but abandoned the work.她还试图传论雪莱，但放弃了工作。
The story of Frankenstein's monster has inspired over 50 films.故事弗兰肯斯坦的怪物激发了超过50片。 James Whale's version from 1931, starring Boris Karloff, is considered a classic, and became the major source for a number of other adaptations.詹姆斯鲸鱼的版本，从1931年，主演鲍里斯karloff ，被认为是一个典型，并成为主要来源为其他一些修改。 The monster kills little Maria on the lake and is hunted down and killed.该怪物杀死小玛丽亚对湖是追杀。 All reviews of the film were not positive: "I regret to report that it is just another movie, so thoroughly mixed with water as to have a horror content of about .0001 percent... The film differs greatly from the book and soon turns into a sort of comic opera with a range of cardboard mountains over which extras in French Revolution costumes dash about with flaming torches." (Creighton Peet in Outlook & Independent , December 9, 1931) Mel Brook's parody Young Frankenstein (1974), starring Gene Wilder in the role of the young Frankenstein, was beautifully photographed - Brooks used many archaic optical devices, including the old 1:85 aspect ratio for height and width of the frame.所有评论的电影不是正面的： "我很遗憾地报告说，它只不过是另一种电影，所以彻底与水混合，以有恐怖内容的约0.0001 ％ ...电影相差很远，由这本书，并尽快转变为某种漫画歌剧取得了一系列的纸板山而临时演员，在法国大革命服饰短跑约与高举着火炬" （ creighton毕特在Outlook与独立的 ， 1931年12月9日）梅尔布鲁克的模仿年轻人弗兰肯斯坦 （ 1974 ） ，主演的基因狂放中的角色，以及年轻的弗兰肯斯坦，是精美的拍照-布鲁克斯也使用了许多过时的光学装置，其中包括旧1 :85长宽比为高度和宽度的框架。 The film received an Academy Award nomination for its script.电影获得奥斯卡金像奖提名，其讲稿。 Among its highlights is the scene in which Peter Boyle as the monster visits bearded blind man Gene Hackman, and barely manages to survive Hackman's hospitableness.其重点是现场，其中彼得贝尔作为怪兽访问大胡子瞎子基因哈克曼，勉强能存活哈克曼的好客。 Kenneth's Branagh's film Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994) was faithful to the book.丁的branagh的电影玛丽雪莱的弗兰肯斯坦 （ 1994 ） ，是忠实于这本书。 The director himself was Frankenstein and Robert De Niro played the monster under a heavy mask.总本人还弗兰肯斯坦和罗伯特德尼罗扮演的怪物下一个沉重的面具。