汉译英翻译赏析：屈原的端午小诗《山鬼》英语翻译
山鬼 The Mountain Spirit
屈原 Qu Yuan
若有人兮山之阿 There seem to be a man in the deep mountain,
被薜荔兮带女箩 Clad in creeping vine and girded with ivy,
既含睇兮又宜笑 With a charming look and a becoming smile.
子慕予兮善窈窕 "Do you admire me for my lovely form?"
乘赤豹兮从文狸 She rides a red leopard - striped lynxes follwing behind -
辛夷车兮结桂旗 Her chariot of magnolia arrayed with banners of cassia,
被石兰兮带杜衡 Her cloak made of orchids and her girdle of azalea,
折芳馨兮遗所思 Calling sweet flowers for those dear in her heart.
余处幽篁兮终不见天 "I live in a bamboo grove, the sky unseen;
路险难兮独后来 The road hither is steep and dangerous; I arrive alone and late.
表独立兮山之上 Alone I stand on the mountain top
云容容兮而在下 While the clouds gather beneath me.
杳冥冥兮羌昼晦 "All gloomy and dark is the day;
东风飘兮神灵雨 The east wind drifts and god sends down rain.
留灵修兮憺忘归 Waiting for the divine one, I forget to go home.
岁既晏兮孰华予 The year is late. Who will now bedeck me?
采三秀兮于山间 "I pluck the larkspur on the mountain side,
石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓 The rocks are craggy; and the vines tangled.
怨公子兮怅忘归 Complaining of the young lord, sadly I forget to go home.
君思我兮不得闲 You, my lord, are thinking of me; but you have no time,"
山中人兮芳杜若 The man in the mountain, fragrant with sweet herb,
饮石泉兮荫松柏 Drinks from the rocky spring, shaded by pines and firs.
君思我兮然疑作 "You, my lord, are thinking of me, but then you hesitate."
雷填填兮雨冥冥 The thunder rumbles and the rain darkens;
猿啾啾兮狖夜鸣 The gibbons mourn, howling all the night;
风飒飒兮木萧萧 The wind whistles and the trees are bare.
思公子兮徒离忧 "I am thing of the young lord; I sorrow in vain."
由来：
我国人民为纪念伟大爱国诗人屈原，每年农历五月初五都要过端午节，这个风俗后来传到了朝鲜、日本、缅甸、越南、马来西亚、印尼等国。 中国传统节日之2011年端午节专题
Our people to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan, an annual Lunar New Year Dragon Boat Festival in May every fifth day, the custom spread to the DPRK, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries.
Qu Yuan, lived in two thousand three hundred years ago in the Warring States era, a young man to cherish lofty aspirations, demonstrated a remarkable talent was grandson of the trust, the official "left only", according to Sima Qian's "Shi Ji" recorded in his "affairs of state and Wang proposed plans," outside "then the event guests to meet the princes," is in charge of internal affairs, foreign affairs minister.
This is the Warring States Period of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, Qin Qixiong hegemony of chaos, Qin Shang Yang after the appointment of increasingly powerful, often launch attacks against the six countries. Chu and Qi were only able to compete with them. In view of the situation at that time, Qu Yuan advocated improved internal and external advocates Qi Gang Qin, and thus against the interests of the upper ruling class, who was the grandson of bribery under the favorite concubine Qin Zheng Xiu, Shangguan doctor, Yoshitada sub pepper exclusion and framed.
Listen to calumny huai confused, alienated Qu Yuan, he was exiled to the north of Han, the result was the grandson of a prisoner for three years when Qin cheated, died in a foreign country.
Qu Yuan, see all of this, extreme anger. He firmly opposed to the state of Qin humiliating surrender, which was the persecution of political opponents are more serious. The new reign of King Xiang is more stupid than his father, banished Qu Yuan to the Chinese and the North than the more remote areas.
In the long life of exile, Qu Yuan did not. He insisted that his political views, and never follow the crowd. Picked up a pen writing a love for their motherland, to denounce "N group" harm the country for future generations to leave the immortal poems.
Qu Yuan, a Chinese literary history of the greatest and most distinguished Romantic poet, called him after the work is "Songs of the South." Masterpiece is the "Lament", which is the longest of Qu Yuan a lyric poem, a total of three hundred seventy-three, two thousand seven hundred and seventy seven words of the poem describes the poet to practice their own political views are being attack and persecution, must express their inner pain, faithful to the people and the feelings of the motherland.
Qu Yuan in the long journey of exile, the spirit and life suffered devastation and suffering is imagined. One day he is Singing River, encountered a fishing hermit, hermit to see him looking haggard haggard, advised him "Do not rigidly stick to", "easy-going number", and the bigwigs were in cahoots. Yuan said: "I would rather go to Xiang River flows buried in the belly of the fish; security can Haohao of white, and almost dust mask secular?" Year seven to eight tests, was the capital of Chu Chi broken, the spirit of the poet has been a great blow, seeing the difficulty of breaking the country, but can not use his power, he was so frightened that in extreme disappointment and pain, the poet came to the east of the Yangtze River Miluo, bouldering and drowned. He died about sixty years old, it is the Lunar May tenth.
Two thousand years of age, which in the course of history can not be considered just a moment, but despite the drain, dusk to dawn-to, the image of the poet Qu Yuan, but still remain in people's heart. Today, Dragon Boat Festival every day, people are still in the river in the dragon boat racing, the dumplings, multicolored silk tie to commemorate the great poet Qu Yuan, see the works of the poet and the spirit is eternal it!
我国人民为纪念伟大爱国诗人屈原，每年农历五月初五都要过端午节，这个风俗后来传到了朝鲜、日本、缅甸、越南、马来西亚、印尼等国。
屈原，生活在两千三百多年前的战国时代，年轻时就胸怀远大抱负，表现出惊人的才能，得到了楚怀王信任，官至“左徒”，据司马迁《史记》记载，他内“与王图议国事”，外“接遇宾客，应付诸侯”，是掌管内政、外交的大臣。
战国本是齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦七雄争霸的混乱时期，秦国任用商鞅变法后日益强大，常对六国发动进攻。当时只有楚国和齐国能与之抗衡。鉴于当时形势，屈原主张改良内政，对外主张联齐抗秦，因而侵害了上层统治阶级的利益，遭到了那些受秦国贿赂的楚怀王的宠姬郑袖、上官大夫、令尹子椒的排挤和陷害。
糊涂的怀王听信谗言，疏远屈原，把他放逐到汉北，结果楚怀王被秦国骗去当了三年阶下囚，死在异国。
屈原看到这一切，极端气愤。他坚决反对向秦国屈辱投降，这遭到政敌们更严重的迫害。新即位的楚襄王比他父亲更昏庸，把屈原放逐到比汉北更偏僻的地方。
在长期的流放生活中，屈原没有屈服。他坚持自己的政治主张，决不随波逐流。拿起笔抒写自己对祖国的热爱，指斥“群小”误国，为后人留下了千古不朽的诗篇。
屈原是中国文学史上第一个最伟大、最杰出的浪漫主义诗人，后人称他的作品为“楚辞”。代表作是《离骚》，这是屈原作品中最长的一首抒情诗，***三百七十三句，两千七百七十七个字，诗中叙述了诗人为实行自己的政治主张所遭受的打击和迫害，深刻表达自己内心的痛苦、对人民和对祖国忠贞不渝的感情。
屈原在长期的流放跋涉中，精神和生活上所受的摧残和痛苦是可想而知的。一天他正在江畔行吟，遇到一个打渔的隐者，隐者见他面色憔悴形容枯槁，就劝他“不要拘泥”、“随和一些”，和权贵们同流合污。屈原道：“宁赴湘流葬于江鱼之腹中;安能以皓皓之白，而蒙世俗之尘埃乎?”检验公元二七八年，楚国的都城被秦兵攻破，诗人精神上受到了极大的打击，眼看国破之难，却又无法施展自己的力量，他忧心如焚，在极端失望和痛苦中，诗人来到了长江东边的汨罗江，抱石自沉。他死时大约六十二岁，正是农历五月初五。
两千多年的岁月，这在历史的长河中不能算短短的一瞬了，可是尽管大江东去，暮往朝来，诗人屈原的形象却依然留在人们心间。如今，每到端午节那天，人们仍要在江河里划龙舟，把粽子系上五彩丝线来纪念伟大的诗人屈原，可见诗人的作品和精神是永存的了!
端午节的风俗：悬钟馗像：钟馗捉鬼，是端午节习俗， 在江淮地区， 家家悬钟馗像， 用以镇宅驱邪。
唐明皇开元， 自骊山讲武回宫，疟疾大发， 梦见二曳， 一大一小， 小鬼穿大红无裆裤， 赤脚， 偷杨贵妃之香囊和明皇的玉笛。 绕殿而跑。 大鬼则穿蓝袍戴帽，赤双足。捉住小鬼， 挖悼其眼睛， 一只吞下，明皇喝问， 大鬼奏日， 臣姓钟馗， 即武举不第， 愿为陛下除妖魔， 皇醒后， 疟疾愈， 于是令画工吴道子。 照梦中所见画成钟馗捉鬼之图像， 通令天下于端午时，一律张贴，以驱邪魔。
挂艾叶菖蒲：以艾叶悬于堂中，剪艾力虎形或剪彩为小虎，贴以艾叶，妇人争相戴之，以僻邪驱瘴。用菖蒲作剑，插于门榻， 有驱魔法鬼之神效。 在端阳节，家家都以菖蒲、 艾叶、 榴花、 蒜头、龙船花，制成人形称为艾人。 食菖蒲可以成仙，可以长生， 汉武帝欲求长主之术，曾吃菖蒲两年。
赛龙舟：当时楚人因舍不得贤臣屈原死去， 于是有许多人划船赶迫拯救， 是为尤舟竞渡之起源， 后每年五月五日划龙舟以纪念之。 借划龙舟驱散江中之鱼， 以免鱼吃掉屈原的尸体。竞渡之习， 盛行于吴，越、楚。
台湾开始有尤舟竞渡是始于清乾隆二十九年， 由当时台湾知府蒋元君在台南市法华寺半月池主持友谊赛。 现在台湾每年五月五日均举行尤舟竞赛， 香港有竞渡之举，近英国人亦仿效我国人作法， 组织鬼佬队，进行竞赛活动。
据近代著名的爱国学者闻一多先生的《端午考》说：“端午节本是吴越民族举行图腾祭妃的节日， 而赛龙舟便是祭仪中半宗教。半娱乐性节目。”
四五千年前， 居住在原始图腾社会的水乡部落的人民，受到蛇虫、 疾病的侵害和水患威胁，为了抵御这些天灾， 他们尊奉想象中的具有威力的龙作为自己的祖先兼保护神（即图腾）， 并把船建造成龙形、 画上龙纹， 每年端午举行竞渡。以表示对龙的尊敬，也说明自己是龙的子孙，龙的传人。
吃粽子：荆楚之人在五月五日煮糯米饭或蒸粽糕投入江中， 以祭祀屈原，为恐鱼吃掉，故用竹筒盛装糯米饭掷下，以后渐用粽叶包米代替竹筒。
饮雄黄酒：雄黄本属矿物， 含有三硫化砷成分，与酒混合。即成雄黄酒，用以驱虫解五毒，小儿涂于头额。耳鼻，手足心。 并洒墙壁问， 以法诸毒。流传民间之《白蛇传》故事，即是以雄黄酒解蛇虺诸毒，而现白蛇原形。此种习佰，在长江流域地区的人家很盛行。
游百病：为盛行于贵州地区的端午习俗。 男女老幼往野外游玩， 穿新衣， 在中午一时左右， 路上山上或树下挤满人群，手抱花草， 非常快乐。晚上回家将花草和水煮开洗澡，老年人称为“游百病”及“洗百病”，不出去游百病及洗百病的人，一年到头就不会获得吉利。
佩香囊：端午节小孩佩香囊，不但有避邪驱瘟之意，而且有襟头点缀之风。香囊内藏有朱砂。 雄黄。香药， 外包以丝布，清香四溢， 再以五色丝线弦扣成索，作各种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑夺目。
带葫芦：端午节带葫芦是历来的风俗，小孩、成人佩带葫芦，不但有避邪驱瘟之意，而且有襟头点缀之风。佩带传统文化寓意"福禄"的葫芦，可以化戾气为平和，增强福缘气场
The Dragon Boat Festival occurs on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar(阴历). It is one of the three most important of the annual Chinese festivals. The other two are the Autumn Moon Festival and Chinese New Year.
The story of this colorful festival concerns a famous Chinese scholar-statesman(政治家) named Chu Yuan(屈原) who, some three centuries before the birth of Christ, served the King of Chu(楚怀王)during the Warring States period. As a loyal minister(大臣), Chu Yuan at first enjoyed the full confidence and respect of his sovereign(君主). Eventually, through the intrigues of his rivals, he was discredited(不足信的, 不名誉的).
Chu Yuan was never able to regain(恢复) the emperor's favor and on the fifth day of the fifth moon in the year 295 B.C.(Before Christ), at the age of 37, Chu Yuan clasped a stone to his chest and plunged into the Milo River(汨罗江) in the Hunan Province(湖南省).
Respecting the minister as an upright(正直的) and honest man, the people who lived in the area jumped into their boats and rushed out in a vain search for him. This unsuccessful rescue attempt is a part of what the Dragon Boat Festival commemorates every year.
Probably the most exciting and interesting aspect of the festival is the racing of the Dragon Boats. These races not only symbolize the people's attempt to save Chu Yuan, they also demonstrate the Chinese virtues(美德) of cooperation and teamwork.
Another activity of the Festival is the making and eating of a kind of dumpling called Tzungtzu (粽子). When it became known that Chu Yuan was gone forever, the people, living along the river, threw cooked rice into the water as a sacrifice(祭品) to their dead hero. They wrapped(包) rice in bamboo leaves(粽叶), and stuffed(填满) it with ham, beans, bean paste(豆沙), salted egg yokes, sausages, nuts, and/or vegetables.
To the Chinese the fifth lunar moon is more than just the Dragon Boat Festival. Since antiquity(古代), they have believed that this month is a pestilential and danger-fraught(瘟疫的及充满危险的) period. Children born in this month are said to be difficult to raise(抚养), and people tend to concentrate their efforts during this time attempting to protect their families from ills and misfortune. The day of the Dragon Boat Festival is customarily the time when cleaning and sanitation(卫生) are stressed(着重, 强调). Most families hang calamus(菖蒲) and artemisia(艾草) above their doors, both as a decoration and as a preventive against pestilence.
Ancient folk medicines(民间药物) such as realgar(雄黄酒)are added to the food eaten on the Festival day. This is believed to prevent disease and to promote a healthy digestive system(消化器官). The drinking of realgar in wine supposedly relieves(解除) the effects of poisons accumulated in human bodies.
The sachets (Hsiang Pao in Chinese香包) are very popular with children and they vie(竞争) with each other to collect as many as possible. Children are not the only ones who collect Hsiang Pao. Older people are often given them as a symbol of respect, and they are highly prized because of the intricate(复杂的) and beautiful embroidery(刺绣) that adorns(装饰) them.
The Dragon Boat Festival is an entertaining and enjoyable event. It gives the observer an opportunity to glimpse a part of the rich Chinese cultural heritage.
祝你开心如意！O(∩_∩)O~~